<p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌（1555--1636），有明一代杰出書畫家、藝術(shù)理論家、品鑒家和收藏家。董氏書宗“二王”，熔鑄眾長而自成一家，對(duì)后世影響甚巨。董氏書論，資料豐富，其于臨帖及創(chuàng)作，雖時(shí)涉禪悅，實(shí)每中肯綮。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“宋四家”中之米芾，直取晉人風(fēng)神，為繼承“二王”嫡脈的寫帖巨擘，董氏書藝礪煉當(dāng)中自是高度關(guān)注、推重并引為楷模的。董氏書論中涉及米顛者頗多。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">拙文擬單就董氏論米之材料，加以梳理，從中<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">探尋其對(duì)書法的深刻認(rèn)識(shí)及藝事精進(jìn)的心路歷程，而對(duì)今日之學(xué)書者，當(dāng)亦不無啟迪意義。</span></span></h3> <p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲董其昌《畫禪室隨筆》</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌論書材料，大都以題跋形式集中于他的詩文集《容臺(tái)集?別集》卷二、卷三和《畫禪室隨筆》卷一中。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">先擇要列四條董氏論米題跋：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1.</span>《畫禪室隨筆》卷一第23條：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……吾嘗評(píng)米書，以為宋朝第一，畢竟出東坡之上，山谷直以品勝，然非專門名家也。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2.</span>《畫禪室隨筆》卷一第36條：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……然自唐以后，未有能過元章書者?！?lt;/span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3.</span>《容臺(tái)別集》卷二：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……山谷評(píng)米書如仲繇（按“繇”當(dāng)作由，即子路）未見孔子時(shí)氣象，則米老未必心服。蓋米于前代書法，盤旋甚深，非蘇、黃所及也。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4.</span>《容臺(tái)別集》卷二《題米書<樂圃帖>》：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">米元章書，沉著痛快，直奪晉人之神。……</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我們從董氏這幾條書評(píng)中，足可以窺知米元章在他心目中的分量。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">眾所周知，董其昌是“二王”一脈帖系書法大家。董氏沿此路徑學(xué)書，同所有寫帖大家一樣，也是通過長期師法前賢，不斷求索，參悟書理，方得而深入堂奧的。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董氏嘗言：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">余十七歲學(xué)書，初學(xué)顏魯公《多寶塔》，稍去而之鍾、王，得其皮耳。更二十年，學(xué)宋人，乃得其解處。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">可知董氏至中年時(shí)，是因?yàn)橥ㄟ^“學(xué)宋人”而對(duì)學(xué)帖一途有了更深刻的理解。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而宋人之中，如上所舉董氏書評(píng)，<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在他心目中最為推重的，乃是他認(rèn)為居宋朝書法首位的接伍“二王”嫡脈、“直奪晉人之神”的米元章。由此，我們便不難推想，董氏之“學(xué)宋人”而得“解處”，蓋主要是由米元章的師承淵源、學(xué)書途徑和學(xué)書辦法上獲得大啟示的。</span></span></h3> <p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲米芾《真酥帖》</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">檢《容臺(tái)別集》卷二、卷三，共收董氏書品題跋314條，其中涉及米老者約60條?！懂嫸U室隨筆》卷一（含“論用筆”、“評(píng)法書”、“跋自書”、“評(píng)舊帖”），共收161條，涉米者38條，部分條目與《別集》互見，但也有些條目《別集》沒有。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">此外，從晚明以降許多書畫著錄書中如《秘殿珠林?石渠寶笈三編》、清卞永譽(yù)《式古堂書畫匯考》、裴景?！秹烟臻w書畫錄》以及當(dāng)代人編集的《中國古代書畫圖目》、《中國書畫全書》等，又能尋得不少。<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">故粗略估計(jì)，董氏論米題跋，當(dāng)在百條左右，可見其于米老之重視程度。</span>高度重視，也就意味著董氏所受米老沾溉與影響之深。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">綜觀董氏論書，當(dāng)然也包括論米，看似蜻蜓點(diǎn)水，散漫無序，實(shí)則均非空泛之談，而是在在皆同他自身書法礪煉緊密結(jié)合的。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">今就董氏論米材料略加梳理，撮其精要，乃<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">得以下認(rèn)識(shí)</span>——<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董氏既目米書“直奪晉人之神”，當(dāng)屬繼承“二王”風(fēng)范最為純正一派，這固同董氏學(xué)書之師承淵源非常合轍。此其一。其二，在取法途徑與學(xué)書辦法上，董氏很好地借鑒了米老的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這一成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)的核心所在，就是不論臨習(xí)古帖還是創(chuàng)作，均要“得勢(shì)”，或謂“以勢(shì)為主”。</span></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">先引《海岳名言》一段米老的夫子自道：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……壯歲未能立家，人謂吾書為集古字。蓋取諸長處，總而成之；既老始自成家；人見之，不知以何為祖也。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">米老至中年，遍臨鍾、王以降諸家墨跡，下過極深的“集古字”的功夫，《宋史?本傳》說他“特精于翰墨，沉著飛翥，得王獻(xiàn)之筆意。畫山水人物，自名一家，尤工臨移，至亂真不可辨?！彪m然指的是臨移古畫至于亂真，其實(shí)他臨摹前人書跡亦能極肖似。如傳世王獻(xiàn)之《中秋帖》，即有學(xué)者考訂為米老所臨。然而倘若僅止于此，便不是書法史上真正的米元章了。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">恰在中年時(shí)，發(fā)生了一件決定米書命運(yùn)的事情，那就是米芾前輩人——吳越王錢俶族孫錢勰（字穆父），看到他的字，對(duì)他提出批評(píng)，言內(nèi)言外總的意思是說，不可僅以集古字為能事，<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">要（讀平聲）須“得勢(shì)”，方能真正登上書法之殿堂。</span>穆父的點(diǎn)撥，使元章大悟，以后的情況自然就大不一樣了。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董氏題跋中，結(jié)合自己臨帖、創(chuàng)作或品鑒前人作品，亦反復(fù)提到米老的這段軼事：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">《容臺(tái)別集》卷二一條云：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……米元章為集古字，已為錢穆父所訶，云須得勢(shì)，自此大進(jìn)。……</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同卷另一條又提到：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……襄陽少時(shí)不能自立家，專事摹帖，人謂之“集古字”，已有規(guī)之者，曰：“須得勢(shì)乃傳?！闭^此。因書《舞鶴賦》及之。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">還有一條，即前邊所引《題米書<樂圃帖>》，中間一段話為：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">……（米元章）少壯未能立家，一一規(guī)模古帖，及錢穆父訶其刻畫太甚，當(dāng)以勢(shì)為主，乃大悟，脫盡本家筆，自出機(jī)軸。如禪家悟后，拆肉還母，拆骨還父，呵佛罵祖，面目非故。雖蘇、黃相見，不無氣懾。晚年自言，無一點(diǎn)右軍俗氣，良有以也。……</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">此外，董氏題跋中提及“得勢(shì)”或“以勢(shì)為主”者，尚有多處，不一一列舉了。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">那么，董氏所標(biāo)舉的寫字要“得勢(shì)”或“以勢(shì)為主”，不消說肯定有其深意在。下面筆者便試圖對(duì)此談些看法。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲米芾《知府帖》（又稱《長者帖》） 紙本 行書 縱29.8厘米 橫49.6厘米 臺(tái)北故宮博物院藏。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">《中國書法》2010年第3期，刊發(fā)黃惇先生撰文《目鑒和董其昌的書法之路》。黃先生對(duì)董氏反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的這一命題予以高度評(píng)價(jià)。他寫道：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">關(guān)于米芾“以勢(shì)為主，不使一實(shí)筆”的觀點(diǎn)，董其昌曾多次在不同時(shí)段提到，也足見這一觀點(diǎn)對(duì)于他是多么重要?！耙詣?shì)為主”，就是說在書寫中高度重視“勢(shì)”的作用，無論筆勢(shì)、字勢(shì)、局勢(shì)，凡“勢(shì)”必動(dòng)，動(dòng)則勢(shì)存，不動(dòng)則勢(shì)亡。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">黃惇先生對(duì)于“以勢(shì)為主”的這一詮釋，甚有見地。凡“勢(shì)”必動(dòng)，動(dòng)則活，不動(dòng)則死。黃先生所拈出的“筆勢(shì)”、“字勢(shì)”、“局勢(shì)”也很有意思。蓋指用筆、結(jié)字、通篇布局，均要活。把字寫活，的確是關(guān)乎臨古和創(chuàng)作中很重要的東西。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">筆者以為，傳統(tǒng)書論中的“勢(shì)”，大概還跟“力”有關(guān)系，跟“氣”有關(guān)系，跟“韻”有關(guān)系，跟“神”也有關(guān)系。這四項(xiàng)，如一一細(xì)說，話必長，因篇幅所限，只得點(diǎn)到為止了?？傊?，從揮寫操作來講，書法之“得勢(shì)”，則除了要把字寫活之外，筆道要有力度（內(nèi)含之力而非劍拔弩張之力），通篇之氣要足（元?dú)獬溆蚀髿庀螅?，同時(shí)還要有韻味，有神采。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">然而，尚不止此。筆者以為，<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">寫字之“得勢(shì)”，還有更為深層的內(nèi)涵。</span>那就是高明的書家在取法上一能洞明所學(xué)諸家之筆勢(shì)、字勢(shì)、局勢(shì)，二能融會(huì)貫通，善于汲取諸家筆勢(shì)、字勢(shì)、局勢(shì)之長，總而成之，脫胎換骨，自出機(jī)軸，化為自家的筆勢(shì)、自家的字勢(shì)、自家的局勢(shì)，總之化為自家寫字之勢(shì)。<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董氏所謂“書家以豪逸有氣，能自結(jié)撰為極則?！?lt;/span>蓋即指此。這同人們常說的學(xué)古之能通變，熔鑄百家，自成一家，大抵也是一個(gè)意思。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌緊緊抓住米老因“得勢(shì)”而“始自成家”這一點(diǎn)，既是一個(gè)非常重要的認(rèn)識(shí)問題，也可以看作是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)董氏學(xué)書全局，使之修成正果的至為關(guān)鍵的不二法門。</span></h3> <p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（一）關(guān)于取法</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">米元章有一個(gè)臨摹諸家“集古字”的長過程。董其昌亦自謂：“吾書無所不臨仿?！彼擅孜虻脤W(xué)書須“得勢(shì)”，大約也是在中年時(shí)，此后他臨仿古帖便不大刻求形似了（真要肖似，他是能做到的）。董其昌有一段名言：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">臨帖如驟遇異人，不必相其耳目、手足、頭面，當(dāng)觀其舉止笑語、精神流露處?！肚f子》所謂“目擊而道存”者也。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">又云：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">臨古人書，要在神會(huì)意得耳。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌題跋中有好多講他學(xué)“二王”，學(xué)智永，學(xué)歐、虞、褚，學(xué)李北海，學(xué)張顛、醉素，學(xué)顏、柳，學(xué)楊少師乃至學(xué)黃、米等等諸家書，都是用了此種辦法來汲收對(duì)己最有益的法乳，這當(dāng)然是最高層次的學(xué)書法。董其昌的結(jié)論是：<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“書家未有學(xué)古而不變者也?！?lt;/span>就此，他特別標(biāo)舉唐人（五代楊凝式亦在內(nèi)）之善學(xué)古人而能變。如說：<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“唐人書無不出于‘二王’，但能脫去臨仿之跡，故稱名家。”</span>又云：<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“余嘗謂右軍父子之書，至齊梁而風(fēng)流頓盡。自唐初虞、褚輩變其法，乃不合而合，右軍父子殆似復(fù)生。此言大可意會(huì)。蓋臨摹最易，神氣難傳故也?！?lt;/span>董其昌的這些話是很深刻的。米老的名世是其重要參照對(duì)象，唐人更是其參照對(duì)象，最終達(dá)成一個(gè)目標(biāo)——直入晉人堂奧，在大家林立的夾縫中趟出自己的一條路來。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（二）關(guān)于結(jié)字</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌說，米海岳花多年工夫“集古字”，“蓋于結(jié)字最留意，比其晚年，始自出新意耳?！笔芷鋯⒌希弦喟l(fā)愿：<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“晉唐人結(jié)字，須一一錄出，時(shí)常參取，此最關(guān)要?！?lt;/span>可知，結(jié)字問題，他是非常重視的。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲米芾《向亂帖》,又稱《寒光帖》 淡黃紙本。行草書?？v27.3厘米 橫30.3厘米 北京故宮博物院藏。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌由米而悟結(jié)字亦須“得勢(shì)”。于古人書，單純規(guī)模形似，他是不取的；至于平板呆滯，他更是目為惡俗的。他縱觀<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“古人作書，必不作正局?！短m亭》非不正，其縱宕用筆處，無跡可尋。若形模相似，轉(zhuǎn)去之遠(yuǎn)?！?lt;/span>又謂：<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“字須奇宕瀟灑，時(shí)出新致，以奇為正，不主故常。”</span>以“二王”為代表的晉人書，正是如此。后世書家，他則以為<span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“惟米癡能會(huì)其趣耳”</span>。其見地可謂不淺。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">書家的字，若論風(fēng)神面目，則多半取決于結(jié)字之特點(diǎn)，結(jié)字之自出新意。董其昌博參諸家，最終形成自家的“字勢(shì)”，賦以寬松大氣，自然而不做作之美感。字的姿態(tài)上，與米異趣，米是稍向左傾，董則是稍往右斜。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">然而董書若依現(xiàn)代人看，還是比較平正的。何止是董？古人的字，大抵都是比較平正的。但平正當(dāng)中又蘊(yùn)含著豐富的變化，迸射出奇異的火花，這就很不簡單了。（三）關(guān)于用筆</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌評(píng)米書“直奪晉人之神”，僅用了“沉著痛快”四字以概之，這是非常耐人尋味的。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“沉著痛快”（是指用筆遒勁，骨力內(nèi)含而又虛靈挺拔，干凈利索），是古法用筆最核心的東西。不光是米芾，歷代書家亦無不奉此為圭臬。董氏于此，領(lǐng)悟甚深，又是身體力行者，故尤多精警之論。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">如說：“米海岳云：無垂不縮，無往不收。此八字真言，無等等咒也。……”，意指要筆筆到位，筆筆講究。那么，如何做到筆筆到位、筆筆講究而達(dá)于沉著痛快呢？董氏為我們提供了極其珍貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。歸納其要領(lǐng)為：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一是要“提得筆起”，意思是說，運(yùn)筆時(shí)，筆鋒須順著筆道方向走，且要向上提著勁兒寫，而不是筆鋒偏側(cè)，或用力向下筆肚子著紙。此即所謂提筆中鋒（或謂正鋒、藏鋒），也就是董氏所強(qiáng)調(diào)的“須有用筆如太阿剸截之意。蓋以勁利取勢(shì)，虛和取韻，顏魯公所謂如印印泥，如錐畫沙是也?！?lt;/span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二是特別注重筆畫發(fā)筆（落筆、起筆）之多種手法。董氏形容為“于發(fā)筆處出鋒如抽刀斷水”，蓋高手作書，發(fā)筆時(shí)因筆鋒瞬間著紙，方向角度不同，便會(huì)呈現(xiàn)無限多的出尖的帶棱角的筆道端頭形狀。這種涉及古法用筆極細(xì)微的地方，董其昌所推重的米老書實(shí)得個(gè)中三昧，他當(dāng)然是非常留心的。如《書<禊帖>后》云：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">此本發(fā)筆處，是唐人口口相授筆訣也。米海岳深得其意。舟過崇德縣觀。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">按，《禊帖》即《蘭亭序》，董氏所觀當(dāng)是一種唐人精摹本。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（四）關(guān)于用墨</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">修煉點(diǎn)畫質(zhì)量，一靠用筆，二靠用墨。董其昌于用墨鉆研極深，付諸實(shí)踐，成就卓著。嘗謂：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">字之巧處，在用筆，尤在用墨。然非多見古人真跡，不足與語及此竅也。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">用墨須使有潤，不可使其枯燥，尤忌秾肥，肥則大惡道矣。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">這兩段話，可以說把用筆之法及其妙處全講到家了。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“二王”真跡已不可見。唐人摹本，雖隔了一層，然仍能觸摸到用墨之精巧。書法史上最善用墨者，據(jù)稱一是米芾，一就是董其昌。董既推許米，于米用墨，當(dāng)必留意。觀米書《蜀素帖》等墨跡，無論濃枯，皆可稱極淋漓潤澤之致。而董氏用墨，其溫潤韻味則似更在米老之上了。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（五）關(guān)于章法</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">古人論書，以章法為一大事，蓋所謂行間茂密是也。余見米癡小楷作《西園雅集圖記》，是紈扇，其直如弦。此必非有他道，乃平日留意章法耳。右軍《蘭亭序》，章法為古今第一，其字皆映帶而生，或小或大，隨手所如，皆入法則，所以為神品也。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">這是董其昌關(guān)于章法的一段全面論述。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">章法處理，是關(guān)乎書法創(chuàng)作的大問題。創(chuàng)作作品，整體經(jīng)營非常重要。把要書寫的文字內(nèi)容安排進(jìn)去，加上落款，分行布白，秩序井然，使之成為一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體。此種善于總體經(jīng)營的能力，是書家所應(yīng)具備的，也是須要修煉的。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">但是，章法的完成，又是書寫的全過程的發(fā)揮。結(jié)字的功夫，用筆的功夫，用墨的功夫，乃至?xí)业淖滞夤Ψ?，統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都灌注進(jìn)去了，達(dá)到個(gè)什么程度，也都統(tǒng)統(tǒng)暴露出來了，明眼人一看就明白。所以字勢(shì)、筆勢(shì)、墨韻、局勢(shì)是一個(gè)渾然的整體，處處都要非常講究的。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌說“古人論書，以為章法是一大事”，固有其深刻的道理。董氏舉米書小楷《西園雅集圖記》“其直如弦”，蓋指米老之字行氣貫通，行氣是章法中很重要的東西。董氏推崇《蘭亭序》“章法為古今第一”，實(shí)亦包含了王右軍書寫技能的極致展現(xiàn)，字里行間，優(yōu)游自在，大小、長短、寬窄、欹側(cè)，相互輝映，生動(dòng)活潑，其境界之高超，皆可謂“隨心所欲不逾矩”。一般來講，書寫高手，若米老、香光輩，都有很強(qiáng)的處理章法的能力。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尤須指出的是，董氏潛心于章法之經(jīng)營，更有開拓之功。字距大，行距也大的所謂疏朗的布局形式，唐代李北海是先行者，五代楊少師《韭花帖》世稱典范，米元章偶爾染指，到董香光之手，乃發(fā)揚(yáng)到極致，幾成其創(chuàng)作之定式。這當(dāng)然同他追求高古、疏淡的書風(fēng)取向，是一致的。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">（六）關(guān)于小字與大字</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董其昌《臨海岳<千文>跋后》云：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">米海岳行書傳于世間，與晉人幾爭道馳矣。顧其平生所自負(fù)者為小楷，貴重不肯多寫，以故罕見其跡?！?lt;/span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">董氏所見米書小楷僅兩件，一是此件《千文》，還有一件即《西園雅集圖記》蠅頭小字。董氏受米影響，于小楷亦用力甚勤，《畫禪室隨筆》中涉及小楷的題跋有10多條，大多講他取法前人，一個(gè)中心意思便是“小楷不易工”，言外之意是他要攻破這一難關(guān)，“功夫不饒人”，他的目的終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了。他也如米那樣自負(fù)地說：</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">吾書無所不臨仿，最得意在小楷書。而懶于拈筆，但以行草行世，亦都非作意書，第率爾酬應(yīng)耳。若使當(dāng)其合處，便不能追蹤晉宋，斷不在唐人后乘也。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其實(shí)何止米、董，書史上寫帖大家，也大都是小字（小楷、小行草）見長的。相比之下，今日之中青年作者，小行草還馬馬虎虎過得去，但小楷真正寫得夠意思又很活便的，就很少了。這不能不說是傳統(tǒng)的流失。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">昔顏平原拜見張長史請(qǐng)益筆法，有“小字展令大，大字促令小”之教，董氏曾依此法以《黃庭》、《樂毅》為人題榜，頗不滿意。“因悟小楷法欲可展為方丈者，乃盡勢(shì)也。題榜如細(xì)字，亦跌宕自在，惟米襄陽近之?！倍瓡笞忠埠苡袣馀?，當(dāng)亦自米老“大字如小字，小字如大字”[37]之精論受益不少。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">余論</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一、拙文重心是董其昌論米所得寫字要“得勢(shì)”這一重要命題?！暗脛?shì)”的方方面面，對(duì)我們今天的學(xué)書者來說，有重要的啟示意義?！暗脛?shì)”是一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)問題，有這個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)跟沒有這個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)，情況大不一樣，此其一；其二，寫字“得勢(shì)”，又絕非一蹴而就，而是必須有一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)逐步深入、漸修頓悟的長過程，方能達(dá)于彼岸的。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br></span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">▲董其昌 《跋唐摹萬歲通天帖》 局部，遼寧省博物館藏</span></h3> <p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-weight: 700; word-wrap: break-word !important;">二、董其昌涉取米老等諸家之長，最終能夠獨(dú)辟蹊徑，靠的是什么？靠的是字內(nèi)功和字外功雙管齊下。</span>豐厚的字外滋養(yǎng)，使他對(duì)書法得以有很高的識(shí)見。傳世《容臺(tái)集》十七卷不用說了，董氏又是藝術(shù)鑒賞家、收藏家，《明史?本傳》稱其“精于品題，收藏家得片語只字以為重?！庇袑W(xué)者研究，董氏極有可能是明代著名小說《金瓶梅》最早接觸者。他還曾一度擁有迄今所知收集最廣的元代戲曲集——《也是園古今雜劇》（首由明趙琦美輯集，現(xiàn)藏于北京國家圖書館）。</span></h3><p style="margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">字內(nèi)功和字外功雙管齊下，成就了董其昌，成就了古代無數(shù)名家。我們今天的學(xué)書者，欲有所成，該當(dāng)如何？</span></h3> <h3 style="text-align: justify;"><font color="#ed2308"><b>安徽宣城 古法傳統(tǒng)工藝，做好每一張紙，傳于子孫書。書友可掃二維碼了解更多。</b></font></h3> <h3><b><font color="#ed2308">古法工藝制作，生產(chǎn)各類皮紙，褚皮，山椏，檀皮，雁皮等皮紙，豆腐宣，古法臘染等。適合篆隸楷行草書法創(chuàng)作。廠家直銷價(jià)，歡迎書友加微信了解更多。</font></b></h3>